monsanto



l2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

(No Model.)

M.. M. MONSANTO, Deo'd. E. M. MoNsAN'ro, Administratrix'.RBGBNBRATIVBFURNAGE.

Patented Apr. 25', 1893.

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(NOM d1.) l lsh t sn e M. M.. MoNsANTo, Decd. 2 ees' feet 2 E. M.MoNsANTo, Administratrix. REGBNERATIVB FURNAGE.

No. 496,365. PatentedApr. 25, 1893.

\ slslsls'aImll ugllslnlulsl UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

MAURICIO M. MONSANTO, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.; EMMA M. MONSANTOADMINISTRATRIX OF SAID MAURICIO M. MONSANTO, DECEASED.

REG EN ERATIVE FU RNACE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 496,365, dated April25, 1893.

Application filed December 27, 1886. Serial No. 222,648- (No model.)

To all whom it may concern,.-

Be it known that I, MAURICIO M. MoNsANTo, acitizen of the United Statesof Colombia, residing at New York city, in the county of New York andState of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inRegenerative Furnaces; and I do hereby declare the following to be afull, clear, and exact description of the inventiomsuchas will enableothers skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use thesame.

This invention relates to regenerative furnaces.

My invention relates to regenerative furnaces, and it consists in theconstruction and novel combination of parts as hereinafter set forth.

The ad vantages of economy of fuel and high temperatures obtained byheating the gaseous fuel, as well as the air, previous to combustion,are universally acknowledged, and it is the object of my invention toeffect the heating of the elements of combustion, by means of the wasteheat, in a more effective, economical and easy Way, than heretofore;said elements being heated in continuous conduits, the liow of which canbe regulated, while the said elements are delivered at the point ofcombustion at the maximum and constant unvarying temperature, and saidconduits being easy of access for repairs, cleaning and inspection, andeconomical in use and in construction. T

The combustion of gas fuels is eifected more completely when they, aswell as the air, are highly heated, because of a resulting greateraffinity toward each other to form the necessary chemical union, and asthis union is therefore eected in a shorter space and time, than whenthey are at the ordinary temperature, the heat resulting .from thecombustion is more intense and centralized at, or near, the point wherethe gases meet, a condition of great advantage, especially inmetallurgical and other operations. Another point of economy consists,by heating the air previous to combustion, in heating of its componentnitrogen,which is an inert substance, constituting about four times thevolume of its co-component oxygen, whereby the heated nitrogen will failto abstract from the combustion, and

thereby economize, as much heat as would be required to raise it to thetemperature of the furnace, were it at the ordinary temperature of theatmosphere, and, as large volumes of air are required for combustion,and as the heating of the air is effected by the waste heat, which wouldnot otherwise be utilized, the economy resulting is evidently verygreat.

`The recuperator, which constitutes a part of my invention, isapplicable to any kind of furnace, and maybe placed in the spent heatdue thereof, whereby a great saving of fuel and greater quantity andintensity of heat will be obtained.

In the accompanying drawings, I have shown the furnace as operated bymeans of liquid fuel, transformed into gaseous form by means ofsnperheated steam, andthe combustion is operated by means of convergingjets, as shown and described in my application for patent apparatus forthe combustion of liquid, gaseous and pulverized fuels, bearing dateMarch 23, (this day) 1886; the superheating ofthe steam and of the gasfuel, as well as the heating of the air, being effected by means of theWaste gases from the furnace.

It is evident that the furnace may be operated by means of any otherkind of gaseous fuel, and the recuperator, or air heating apparatus maybe applied to furnish heated air for combustion to steam boiler, orother 'furnaces, said recuperator being placed in `the course of thespent heat flue, as, for example, either under the steam boiler,similarly as un-y -der a puddling furnace (Fig. l), as shown be-v neaththe furnace, or near the exit from the steam boiler, between it and thechimney, or in the chimney itself, and may be placed horizontally orvertically, as desired.

In the accompanying drawings, vI have shown an improved apparatus, inwhich the operation of my invention is exemplified.

Figure l, represents a vertical longitudinal sectional elevation of myimproved apparatus, line of section z, e, of Fig. 3. Fig. 2, isaverticalcross section thereof, following the line cv, w, Fig. l. Fig. 3, is ahorizontal longitudinal section, on the line m, se, of Fig. 1. Fig. 4,is a vertical longitudinal section of a modification of Fig. l,following the line s, s, of Fig. 5, showing the converging jets oper-IOO.

ing the combustion direct into the combustion chamber. Fic. 5, is ahorizontal longitudinal section on the line o, '0, of Fig. 4:. Figs. 6and 7, represent a detail, in plan and cross section respectively, uponan enlarged scale, of the perforated bricks to be used upon the arch b,in Figs. l and 2.

Similar letters designate corresponding parts.

A is a furnace chamber, shown for illustration in the form of a pnddlingfurnace, covered or surmounted by the arch a2, but may be of any otherdescription or type, having its forward portion, A', at which the heatedgases of combustion enter over the bridge wall, B', and having its backportion, A2, wherein are placed the outlets a for waste gases, which aredischarged into the flue, F, and may be conveyed direct to the chimneythrough the flue, f, or may be conveyed thereto by the `iiue,f, byforcing the gases through the flues, F', F2, F3, and F4, therebybringing them in contact with the gas fuel conduit, d', and with the airin its conduit, H, and steam conduit, c; both flues, f, and, f', havedampersvto regulate the flow of gases, or to close the conduit, asdesired.

a', is the inlet, or door, to the furnace, A, through which to work, oroperate, in the furnace from the exterior.

B, is a mixing chamber, in which the elements of combustion arethoroughly mixed before combustion, by means of the converging jets, J;the mixed gases enter the combustion chamber, b', (Fig. l) by means ofthe perforated arch, b, which is formed by bricks of refractory materialand are made to form hollow spaces, as shown in their construction inFigs. (5 and 7, through which the gases pass upward in a subdividedcondition into the combustion chamber, b', and also prevent the ignitionof the gases in the mixing chamber, B, below; but the mixing chamber, B,may also be applied as a combustion chamber. The combustion chamber, b',is provided with the port, b2, having its door, which may be closed whendesired, through which alighted taper, or other device for lighting, maybe introduced to ignite the mixed gases arising from the mixing chamber,when the furnace is started, or when desired. I prefer to fill thecombustion chamber with pieces of refractory material, which serve tofurther subdivide the elements of combustion and thus materially aid inthe more perfect combustion; at the same time, when this material hasbecome heated, it serves as a regulator of the heat resulting from thecombustion, abstracting therefrom when over intense, and delivering toit when to the contrary, whereby the heat entering the furnace chamber,A, may be maintained at a uniform temperature.

In Figs. l, 2, 3, as representing the fur nace operated by means ofliquid fuel, is a fuel jet, C, having a steam connection, c2, the steambeing superheated on its course by means of the superheating pipes, c,placed within the spent heat flue, F, the inlet of steam into the jetbeing governed by an interior valve, the stem of which is shown at, c;the liquid fuel is introduced by the pipe, D, the flow being governed bythe valve, d. As the steam ejects the liquid fuel, imparting its heat,it transforms the liquid into a gaseous fuel, in which condition, it isforced onward by the pressure of the steam, through a conduit, d', ofzig-zag or other form, placed within the spent heat line, F', where itbecomes highly heated by the waste gases, and is thus delivered to theconverging jets, J,where it is mixed with the necessary quantityof airfor its perfect combustion.

Instead of liquid fuel, gas fuel may be conveyed, under pressure orotherwise, through the conduit, d', to be heated by the waste gases,previous to combustion. The form of the conduit, d', may be cylindrical,as shown, or flattened, as that of the air conduits, II, which will bedescribed hereinafter, and may form a part in the system of thereeuperator; or it may be any other suitable form.

H, are air conduits, placed in the spent heat flue, shown in the form ofa flattened pipe, but may be of any other suitable section, com posed ofstraight pipes, made of cast iron, fire clay, or other suitablematerial, and placed in rows above, or, alongside of each other, andplaced at suitable distances between each other, forming spaces for thepassage of the hot Waste gases; they are provided with a gate, h3, atthe inlet of air, governing the flow of the same; the outlets for theheated air, 7L', and h2, enter the chambers formed by the arches, b3,and having the doors, b4, where it is received by induction, or byforce, into the jets, J. The conduits, H, are secured at their ends toboxcastings, L, connecting a pair of the conduits, which are secured inthe side walls, being open outward, and having 011 their inner sidesuitable sockets or nozzles, into which the pipes, H, are entered andjointed by luting, cementing, or calking, or in any other suitable way,to allow for expansion and contraction and to prevent the escape of air.Then the apparatus is in op eration, this chamber, L, is closedoutwardly by a removable wall, h4, or hya suitable door in lieu thereof,as desired,leaving a space, h5, embracing the two conduits mentioned, sothat the air passing through one, returns through the other; and as atthe opposite sidewall, the chamber, L, connects the pipe, II, throughwhich the air lately returned, with the pipe, H, next to it, and the airbeing guided forward through the latter one, and so consecutively, theair is made to travel onward, forward and backward, from the inlet, h3,toward the outlet, h', h2, in zig-zag form, as is shown by the arrows inFig. 3. Bymeans of the removable walls, or doors, 71., the joints of thetubes, II, with the chamber, L, may be inspected, repaired, or the tubesreplaced, when desired.

Instead of employing the box castings, L,

IIO

the pipes, H, may be let into the side-walls, in which the necessaryspaces, h5, may be provided for the zig-zag circulation of the air. Theair may be drawn through the air heating tubes, H, placed in the flue ofthe waste gases, by the converging jets, J, or by any other device, orit may be forced through the said pipes, H.

In Figs. l and 4, are shown two rows of horizontal recuperators, H, butthey may be vertical, or maj1 be as many in number as desired, and eachmay have its separate gate, h3, or one gate may be made to operate for anumber, or for all, of them, as desired.

The air conduits, H, are provided with projections or blocks, o, whichmay be part of, and connected with, or separate from, but secured inplace between the conduits, H, which.v determine the distance theconduits, H, will furnace has been described, in the operation f beseparated from each other, when brought together; these projections orblocks, 0, also serve to stien the conduits, H, and sustain them againstwarping, as they are thus virtually sustained against each other. l

The flue, F, which carries off the hot waste gas, is returned, as shownat, F', under the furnace, A, being separated therefrom by the arch, f6;then again, the flue is divided by the arch, f7, and having the dividingwall, f3, which closes the lower portion of the flue at the terminationof the arch, f7, and having openings, f4, at the base, through which thewaste gases are made to pass; and having the dividing wall, f2, whichhas similar openings,

f5, at the top thereof, between,f2, and, f7, for

the passage of the gases to the outlet, f into the chimney. As many moreof these division walls may be employed, as desired.

It will be seen that the hot waste gases pass out from the furnace, A,through the openings, a, into the flue, F, and F', where they impingeupon, and heat the steam in pipe, c, and the gas fuel in pipes, d; thenthe gases dip down the portion of the flue, F2, up into and through, F3,and down into and through, F4, to the outlet,f, into the chimney, cominginto consecutive contact with the air heating pipes, H, placed in thelower part of'the flue,

in all the chambers, F2, F3, and F 4, heating the aircirculating throughthem; the temperature of the waste'gases being evidently higher at, F2,than at, F3, and here higher than at, F, and so on. Now, the air travelsin a contrary direction to that of the waste gases, so that, as it movesforward in zig-zag form, it becomes gradually heated, and comesconsecutively in contact with the increasing temperatures of wastegases, until it discharges at, h', h2, highly heated, the resultproduced being a constant flow and constant or continued teinperature ofthe heated air, and the heat of the waste gases being efficiently andeconomically Vabstracted by tne air, allowing the gases to escape at,f', comparatively cool; thus recuperating the greater part of the 'heatof the waste gases, and returning it in the elements of combustion, backto the furnace.

converging forward horizontally above the bed of the furnace, while theheated gas fuel conduits are led within the inclosures, E, and aresuitablyV connected to the jets, J; the heated air also passing upwardthrough the tion of the jets, or as desired.

The recuperator may be situated anywhere within the flue, or'within thechimney, and

may be applied to recuperate the heat lost in waste gases of any kindvoffurnace, by abstracting it by means of the air employed to support thecombustion therein,as described.

' I am aware that the Siemens regenerative of which previously Aheatedair was introduced to support the combustion of the gas producing fuel;and being provided with two pairs of recuperators filled with pieces ofrevinclosures, E, to the jets, J, and said inclosures being providedwith doors, e', for inspecfractory material, one for the gas and thelother for the air, with corresponding conduits,

the said recu perators being alternately heated j by the waste gasesfrom a furnace, and alternately used for heating the gas and the air trespectively, each chamber or regenerator,

therefore, being alternately filled and heated by the wasteV gases, andthen the course of the waste gases changed to the adjoining conduit` andchamber, the first chamber then having gas or air made to pass throughthe heated contents from which to absorb heat on their way to thecombustion; this operation of changing being repeated from one chamberto the other. But it is evident that the course of the waste gasesthrough such conduits or chambers for the purpose of heating it, when nit is changed -to the adjoining conduit, leaves the incombustible gas insuch conduit at the time of changing off the current from the IIOheating to that of yheat absorbing process, and

.that such gases must be delivered into the flue leading to the furnace,where it deteriorates the combustion. Besides the deteriorationresulting from the admixture of the elements of combustion with theincombustible waste gases, so remaining in the heated chamj bers, agreat defect of this described process,

consists in the varying temperatures ofthe heated elements, rangingbetween the telnperatures of the intensely heated regenerator and thesubsequent cooling olf caused byl the passage through, and abstractionof heatby, the cold elements, until too' cold for effective operation.

I am also aware that a recuperator the Pousard furnace has beendescribed for heati-ng the air for combustion, in a chamber filled withspecially designed hollow bricks, which t each other, forming continuousinner channels for the current of air, while the waste gases heat thebricks outwardly and the air contained therein. The joints between theIZO bricks are very difficult of keeping tight, resulting in leaks andadmixture of the Waste gas and air.

In my invention the gas, as well as the air is heated by Waste gases inindependent continuous conduits, having no liability to leakage, nor toresulting admixture of the heating elements of combustion with theincombustible Waste gases; the construction allowing of a large andeffective heating surface, and the air and waste gas currents moving incontrary direction to each other, whereby the air is gradually heatedinits course and comes consecutively in contact with higher temperaturesfrom the Waste gases, resulting in an economical and effectiveabsorption of heat, in highly heated and undeterimbated elements ofcombustion, and in a constant, continuous and uniform temperaturethereof.

I do not desire t0 con tine myself to the precise construction of parts,as set forth and described, for these constructions may be modilied inmany Ways to produce like results, without departing from the spirit ofmy invention.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secureby Letters Patent, is-

l. In a regenerative furnace, the combination with the spent heat fluehaving the vaporizing fuel-heating conduit, and the air heating conduitstherein, of the mixing chamber, and the bridge-wall dividing the saidspent heat flue and mixing chamber, substantially as described.

2. In a regenerative furnace, the spent heat flue having the vaporizedfuel-heating conduit and the air-heating conduits arranged therein, amixing chamber, and a bridge Wall dividing the spent heat ilue and themixing chamber in combination with the furnace for supplying heat to thevaporized fuelheating conduit and the air heating conduit, so that theheat circulates around the air heating pipes in the direction oppositeto that which cool air enters the said pipes whereby the air isdischarged in the mixing chamber in a highly-heated state, substantiallyas de scribed.

3. In a regenerative furnace, the spent heat flue divided into threecompartments, communicating with each other having the airheatingconduit arranged in the said compartments, and the vaporized fuelheating tubes and steam superheating conduit arranged above said airheating conduit, the vaporized fuel-heating pipes being connected withconvergingjets discharging into the mixing chamber and the air heatingpipes entering chambers on the sides of the mixing chamber, the saidmixing chamber being divided from the said chambers by arch Walls b3 andthe mixing chamber being divided from the spent heat flue by thebridge-Wall B', substantially as described.

4. In a regenerative furnace, the combination with the spent heat flue,of the mixing and combustion chambers divided therefrom by a bridgewall, said mixing chamber being divided from the hot air chambers byarch Walls b3 and said hot air chambers being provided with doors,substantially as described.

5. In combination with the waste heat flue of a furnace, the dividingWalls f2 f3 provided with the exit ports f4 f5 at alternate ends, theoutlet for the products of combustion, said tine containing therecuperator composed of vthe pipes I'I provided with the projections orblocks o and entered and jointed into the chambers L, having the doors hthereby forming a continuous conduit provided with air `inlet gates h3and outlets 7L and h2 for the passage of the heated airinto thecombustion chamber of the furnace, substantially as set forth.

G. A regenerative furnace operated by means of liquid fuel having thevaporizing 4jet C, the super-heated steam conduit c, the

liquid fuel connection I), the vaporized fuel heating conduit. (Z, thecontinuous air heating conduits H, connected to circulating chambers L,all of which conduits are placed in a Vspent heat flue, F, F', F2, F3,F4, containing the dividing walls ff, provided with exit ports f4,f5,the mixing chamber B, the perforated arch b, the combustion chamber b',provided with port b2 and filled With pieces of refractory material, thebridge wall B', the exit ports a, and the spent heat flue F,substantially as set forth and described.

7. The combination in a regenerative furnace of a mixing chamber B,provided with an air and gas supply and With a combustion chamber babove the same, and the perforated arch Z), composed of hollow archbricks between said chambers and adapted to support refractory material,as and for the purpose set forth and described.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

MAURICIO M. MONSANTO. lVitnesses:

JNO. C. TEN EYcK, WILLM. SMITH.

